Git Common Commands Cheat Sheet

Git is currently the world's most advanced distributed version control system. Below is a checklist of commands most frequently used in daily development.

Version Control

1. Initialization and Configuration

Command	Description
git init	Initialize a new Git repository in the current directory
git clone <url>	Clone a remote repository to local
git config --global user.name "Your Name"	Set username for commits
git config --global user.email "email@example.com"	Set email for commits
git config --list	View current configuration info

2. Code Submission (Working Directory -> Staging Area -> Local Repository)

# Check file status
git status

# Add specific file to staging area
git add <filename>

# Add all modifications to staging area
git add .

# Commit staging area to local repository
git commit -m "Commit message info"

# Modify last commit message (or append missed files)
git commit --amend

3. Branch Management

Branching is Git's killer feature, used for parallel development.

Command	Description
git branch	List all local branches
git branch <name>	Create new branch
git checkout <name>	Switch to specified branch
git switch <name>	(Newer) Switch branch
git checkout -b <name>	Create and switch to new branch
git merge <name>	Merge specified branch into current branch
git branch -d <name>	Delete branch

4. Remote Synchronization

# View remote repository address
git remote -v

# Add remote repository
git remote add origin <url>

# Pull remote code and merge (pull = fetch + merge)
git pull origin <branch_name>

# Push local code to remote
git push origin <branch_name>

# Force push (Use with caution, especially in collaboration)
git push -f origin <branch_name>

5. Undo and Rollback

• Discard changes in working directory (not added):

  git checkout -- <filename>
  # Or newer command
  git restore <filename>

• Undo changes in staging area (added, not committed):

  git reset HEAD <filename>
  # Or newer command
  git restore --staged <filename>

• Version Rollback (committed):

  # View commit log
  git log --oneline
  
  # Rollback to previous version
  git reset --hard HEAD^